// CryptoUtils - some cryptography utilities
//
// Copyright (C) 1996 by Jef Poskanzer <jef@mail.acme.com>.  All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
// are met:
// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
//    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
//    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
//    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
// ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
// ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
// DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
// OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
// HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
// LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
// OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
// SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Visit the ACME Labs Java page for up-to-date versions of this and other
// fine Java utilities: http://www.acme.com/java/

package Acme.Crypto;

import java.io.*;

/// Some cryptography utilities.
// <P>
// These are static methods used by a lot of the cryptography classes.
// Most of them operate on byte arrays, which we call blocks.
// They could be encapsulated in a "Block" class, but that would
// mean a big efficiency hit - method calls are a lot more
// expensive than array accesses.
// <P>
// <A HREF="/resources/classes/Acme/Crypto/CryptoUtils.java">Fetch the software.</A><BR>
// <A HREF="/resources/classes/Acme.tar.gz">Fetch the entire Acme package.</A>

public class CryptoUtils
    {

    /// Utility routine to fill a block with zeros.
    public static void zeroBlock( byte[] block, int off, int len )
	{
	for ( int i = off; i < off + len; ++i )
	    block[i] = 0;
	}

    /// Utility routine to fill a block with zeros.
    public static void zeroBlock( byte[] block )
	{
	zeroBlock( block, 0, block.length );
	}

    /// Utility routine to fill a block with random bytes.
    public static void randomBlock( byte[] block, int off, int len )
	{
	for ( int i = off; i < off + len; ++i )
	    block[i] = (byte) ( Math.random() * 256.0 );
	}

    /// Utility routine to fill a block with random bytes.
    public static void randomBlock( byte[] block )
	{
	randomBlock( block, 0, block.length );
	}

    /// Utility routine to XOR two blocks.
    public static void xorBlock( byte[] a, int aOff, byte[] b, int bOff, byte[] dst, int dstOff, int len )
	{
	for ( int i = 0; i < len; ++i )
	    dst[dstOff + i] = (byte) ( a[aOff + i] ^ b[bOff + i] );
	}

    /// Utility routine to XOR two blocks.
    public static void xorBlock( byte[] a, byte[] b, byte[] dst )
	{
	xorBlock( a, 0, b, 0, dst, 0, a.length );
	}

    /// Utility routine to copy one block to another.
    public static void copyBlock( byte[] src, int srcOff, byte[] dst, int dstOff, int len )
	{
	for ( int i = 0; i < len; ++i )
	    dst[dstOff + i] = src[srcOff + i];
	}

    /// Utility routine to copy one block to another.
    public static void copyBlock( byte[] src, byte[] dst )
	{
	copyBlock( src, 0, dst, 0, src.length );
	}

    /// Utility routine to check two blocks for equality.
    public static boolean equalsBlock( byte[] a, int aOff, byte[] b, int bOff, int len )
	{
	for ( int i = 0; i < len; ++i )
	    if ( a[aOff + i] != b[bOff + i] )
		return false;
	return true;
	}

    /// Utility routine to check two blocks for equality.
    public static boolean equalsBlock( byte[] a, byte[] b )
	{
	return equalsBlock( a, 0, b, 0, a.length );
	}

    /// Utility routine fill a block with a given byte.
    public static void fillBlock( byte[] block, int blockOff, byte b, int len )
	{
	for ( int i = blockOff; i < blockOff + len; ++i )
	    block[i] = b;
	}

    /// Utility routine fill a block with a given byte.
    public static void fillBlock( byte[] block, byte b )
	{
	fillBlock( block, 0, b, block.length );
	}

    /// Squash bytes down to ints.
    public static void squashBytesToInts( byte[] inBytes, int inOff, int[] outInts, int outOff, int intLen )
        {
	for ( int i = 0; i < intLen; ++i )
	    outInts[outOff + i] = 
		( ( inBytes[inOff + i * 4    ] & 0xff ) << 24 ) |
		( ( inBytes[inOff + i * 4 + 1] & 0xff ) << 16 ) |
		( ( inBytes[inOff + i * 4 + 2] & 0xff ) <<  8 ) |
		( ( inBytes[inOff + i * 4 + 3] & 0xff )       );
        }

    /// Spread ints into bytes.
    public static void spreadIntsToBytes( int[] inInts, int inOff, byte[] outBytes, int outOff, int intLen )
        {
	for ( int i = 0; i < intLen; ++i )
	    {
	    outBytes[outOff + i * 4    ] =
		(byte) ( ( inInts[inOff + i] >>> 24 ) & 0xff );
	    outBytes[outOff + i * 4 + 1] =
		(byte) ( ( inInts[inOff + i] >>> 16 ) & 0xff );
	    outBytes[outOff + i * 4 + 2] =
		(byte) ( ( inInts[inOff + i] >>>  8 ) & 0xff );
	    outBytes[outOff + i * 4 + 3] =
		(byte) ( ( inInts[inOff + i]        ) & 0xff );
	    }
        }

    /// Squash bytes down to ints, little-endian.
    public static void squashBytesToIntsLittle( byte[] inBytes, int inOff, int[] outInts, int outOff, int intLen )
        {
	for ( int i = 0; i < intLen; ++i )
	    outInts[outOff + i] = 
		( ( inBytes[inOff + i * 4    ] & 0xff )       ) |
		( ( inBytes[inOff + i * 4 + 1] & 0xff ) <<  8 ) |
		( ( inBytes[inOff + i * 4 + 2] & 0xff ) << 16 ) |
		( ( inBytes[inOff + i * 4 + 3] & 0xff ) << 24 );
        }

    /// Spread ints into bytes, little-endian.
    public static void spreadIntsToBytesLittle( int[] inInts, int inOff, byte[] outBytes, int outOff, int intLen )
        {
	for ( int i = 0; i < intLen; ++i )
	    {
	    outBytes[outOff + i * 4    ] =
		(byte) ( ( inInts[inOff + i]        ) & 0xff );
	    outBytes[outOff + i * 4 + 1] =
		(byte) ( ( inInts[inOff + i] >>>  8 ) & 0xff );
	    outBytes[outOff + i * 4 + 2] =
		(byte) ( ( inInts[inOff + i] >>> 16 ) & 0xff );
	    outBytes[outOff + i * 4 + 3] =
		(byte) ( ( inInts[inOff + i] >>> 24 ) & 0xff );
	    }
        }

    /// Squash bytes down to shorts.
    public static void squashBytesToShorts( byte[] inBytes, int inOff, int[] outShorts, int outOff, int shortLen )
	{
	for ( int i = 0; i < shortLen; ++i )
	    outShorts[outOff + i] =
		( ( inBytes[inOff + i * 2    ] & 0xff ) << 8 ) |
		( ( inBytes[inOff + i * 2 + 1] & 0xff )      );
	}

    /// Spread shorts into bytes.
    public static void spreadShortsToBytes( int[] inShorts, int inOff, byte[] outBytes, int outOff, int shortLen )
	{
	for ( int i = 0; i < shortLen; ++i )
	    {
	    outBytes[outOff + i * 2    ] =
		(byte) ( ( inShorts[inOff + i] >>> 8 ) & 0xff );
	    outBytes[outOff + i * 2 + 1] =
		(byte) ( ( inShorts[inOff + i]       ) & 0xff );
	    }
	}

    /// Squash bytes down to shorts, little endian.
    public static void squashBytesToShortsLittle( byte[] inBytes, int inOff, int[] outShorts, int outOff, int shortLen )
	{
	for ( int i = 0; i < shortLen; ++i )
	    outShorts[outOff + i] =
		( ( inBytes[inOff + i * 2    ] & 0xff )      ) |
		( ( inBytes[inOff + i * 2 + 1] & 0xff ) << 8 );
	}

    /// Spread shorts into bytes, little endian.
    public static void spreadShortsToBytesLittle( int[] inShorts, int inOff, byte[] outBytes, int outOff, int shortLen )
	{
	for ( int i = 0; i < shortLen; ++i )
	    {
	    outBytes[outOff + i * 2    ] =
		(byte) ( ( inShorts[inOff + i]       ) & 0xff );
	    outBytes[outOff + i * 2 + 1] =
		(byte) ( ( inShorts[inOff + i] >>> 8 ) & 0xff );
	    }
	}

    /// Convert a block to a String representation.
    public static String toStringBlock( byte[] block, int off, int len )
	{
	String hexits = "0123456789abcdef";
	StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
	for ( int i = off; i < off + len; ++i )
	    {
	    buf.append( hexits.charAt( ( block[i] >>> 4 ) & 0xf ) );
	    buf.append( hexits.charAt( block[i] & 0xf ) );
	    }
	return "[" + buf + "]";
	}

    /// Convert a block to a String representation.
    public static String toStringBlock( byte[] block )
	{
	return toStringBlock( block, 0, block.length );
	}

    }